Centrifugal separator



March 13, 1928,

*' H. M CORNACK CENTRIFUGAL SEPARATOR Filed Nov. 4. 1

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V ATTORNEYS March 13, 1928. 1,662,199

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H. M CORNACK GENTRIFUGAL SEPARATOR Filed Nov. 4. 1921 8 s e t -sh t a E i a 3 M 444 ATTORNEYS Patented Mar. 13, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

onn'rnnruen. szmna'ron.

Application filed November 4, 1921. Serial No. 512,786.

This invention relates to centrifugal separators and especially to separators adapted for the separation of cream from milk, although many features of the invention are applicable to centrifugal apparatus intended for other purposes.

Stated generally, the objects of me invention are to improve the desi n of the separator bowl so as to increase the efiiciency and capacity thereof; to improve the feed; to improve the milk and cream discharge; to improve the mechanical construction of the liner discs and other parts of the bowl; to improve the bowl mounting; to provide improved and simplified mechanism for drivin the bowl and for lubricating said mechanism; to provide an improved milk can mounting; and generally to simplify and strengthen parts and to render the same easier running, more durable and more efficient.

Specific objects of the invention will appear in the course of the following description of certain preferred embodiments of the invention chosen to illustrate the principle thereof and the best mode now known to me for practicing the same.

In the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specification,

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a separator embodyingthe invention in preferred form.

Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof.

Figure 3 is a detail View artly in elevation and partly in section, showing the can mounting.

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view of the bowl and its casing showing also the bowlspindle and bearings therefor, and parts of the gearing.

Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view through the bowl, showing one of the liner discs in plan.

Figure 6 is a side elevation of one of the liner discs.

Figure 7 is a view partly in side elevation and partly in sect-ion of the distributing cone.

Figure 8 is a similar view of thebowl bottom and hollow shaft.

Figure 9 is a s tional view on line IXIX of Figure Figure 10 is an enlarged fragmentary detail view in plan of the marginal portion of one of the liner discs.

Figure 11 is a sectional view on line XI-XI of Figure 10.

Figures 12 and 13 are similar sectional views on lines XII-XII, and,XIII-XIII', respectively of Figure 5 but on the same scale as Figures 10 and 11.

Fi ure 14 is a vertical sectional view showing t 1e feed cup and float controlled valve in a different position from that shown in ure 4.

Figure 15 is a view partly in elevation and partly in section of the dividing cone.

Figure 16 is a vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale of the top of the bowl and associated parts, illustrating the construction of the milk and cream outlets.

F igure'l? is a similar view showing the neck of the bowl.

Figure 18 is a view, partly in section and partly in plan of the bowl neck, parts being roken away 'as indicated by the line XVIII-XVIII of Figure 17 the neck flange of the dividing cone being also shown in plan.

Fi ure 19 is a view similar to Figure 16, showing a modified construction, parts being shown in side elevation.

Figure 20 is a sectional view on line XX- XX of Figure 19.

Figure 21 is a vertical sectional view through the gear and bowl cases, showing the bowl-spindle and gearing in elevation.

Figure 22 is a sectional view on line XXIIXXII of Figure 21.

Figure 23 is a viewsof a cap for closing an opening in the gear case, when the separator is used with the hand crank only.

Figure 2a is a rear elevation of the upper part of the separator, showing the application of an electric motor thereto.

Figure 25 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view of a portion of the gear case,

showing in plan the "electric "motor applied thereto.

Figure 26 is'a side elevation of the upper part of the separator, showing a belt-drive applied thereto.

Figure 27 is a detail view showing the mounting of the idler arm of the belt drive device.

Figure 28 is a detailed sectional view on line XXVIII--XXVIII of Figure. 27, showing the mounting of the idler arm.

Figure 29 is a. vertical sectional view Figthrough the bottom of the gear case and a sight teed lubricator and drain cock attached thereto.

Figures 30 and 31 are vertical sectional views on lines XXX-XXX and XXXI- XXXI, respectively of Figure 29.

Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the separator in the form illustrated comprises a base or standard 1, upon which is mounted a casing 2, which contains the gearing for driving the bowl-spindle and bowl. 3 is the bowl casing, which forms a part of the gear casing, and on this bowl casing is mounted the usual tin ware, which comprises the milk chamber l having a milk discharge spout 5; a cream chamber 6 and discharge spout 7 and the feed cup 8. Supported above the feed cup is the supply can t) for the unskimmed milk.

Supply can mounting.

Figures 1, .3 and 3 illustrate a novel and improved mounting for the supply can, comprising a standard 10, in the form of a stout rod, which is fitted at its lower end in a socket 11 formed in the casting constituting the gearing casing. Means are provided for preventing this rod from turning in its socket, such for instance, as the cross pin 12 engaged by a notch in the bottom of the rod (see Figure 3). At its upper end, the standard is formed with a transverse wedgesha ed projection 13, which is engaged by a b ock 14, having a complementary wedgeshaped groove therein. This block is at;- tached to the side of the supply can in any suitable manner. In the construction shown in Figure 3, it is tightly mounted in a cup 15, which is secured in a loop 16 formed in a strap 17 welded or otherwise attached to the side of the can. The upper end of the cylindrical part of the standard is also received within the cup 15. Attached to the supply can near the bottom is a strap 18, which is bent to provide a semi-circular bearing 19 engaging the side of the standard. The wedge-shaped projection 13 on the standard is so positioned that when the supply can is in position with its nozzle 20 directly over the center of the feed cup, the groove in the block 14 will fit down over the projection and the supply can will be firmly held in the position described and also will be lowered slightly towards the feed cup so that the nozzle .20 projects slightly below the upper edge of the feed cup. lVhen the operation of the separator has been completed and it is desired to remove the supply can so as to permit the tin-ware and separator bowl to be removed for cleaning, it is merely necessary to swing the supply can 9 to one side. Owing to the wedgeshaped form of the projection 13 and the corresponding groove in the block 14, the can will be lifted slightly as the block is forced to ride up on top of the projection, this lifting being sufficient to lift the bottom of the nozzle 20 clear of the edge of the feed cup. The milk and cream receptacles may then be removed and the bowl lifted out. When the parts are again assembled, the supply can is merely swung back to its original position and the groove in the block drops down over the projection on the standard, thus locking the can in correct position. The can may be removed from the standard by merely lifting it off.

Referring now to Figure 4, this shows the bowl mounted within the bowl casing 3, and supported upon the upper end of the bowl spindle 26. The bowl comprises a shell 27 and a base :28, the base 28 having a tubular central portion 29, through which the milk is discharged to the interior of the bowl, and the bowl shell and base being secured together by the bowl nut 30, which screws on the upper threaded end of the hollow shaft :29 and engages the top of the neck 31 of the bowl shell. The nut is provided with notches 32 adapted to be engaged by a spanner in order to tighten up or remove the nut. In the construction shown the bowl nut is also provided with an annular groove 33.

Feed regulation.

Mounted in a central opening in the bottom of the feed cup is a sleeve 40, which is provided with an inwardly projecting col lar 11, near its lower end, this collar having a central orifice 42, which is immediately over the opening in the top of the hollow shaft 29 of the bowl. Depending below the collar 41,'the sleeve 40 has a flange or extenxion portion 43 which extends into the groove 33 in the bowl nut, without, however, actually touching the walls thereof (see Figures 4 and 14). Mounted in the feed cup 8 is the regulating float which may be of any suitable construction, and which carries the float valve 46 preferably in the form of an inverted cone which is adapted to be lifted into the lower end of the nozzle 20 of the supply can so as to reduce or cut oil the flow from the supply can when the milk flows into the feed cup faster than it i; taken up by the separator bowl. lVhcn the milk is flowing from the feed cup to the bowl faster than it is flowing from the supply can to the feed cup, then the float will fall and permit an increased flow from the supply can.

In addition to the valve 46, for controlling the flow from the supply can, I preferably provide a valve for controlling the flow from the feed cup to the bowl. This valve is also operated by the float and in the construction illustrated comprises a sleeve 50, which fits within the sleeve 40 carried by the bottom of the feed cup, the fit between the sleeves being sufficiently loose to permit the sleeve 50 to move freely ,up and down under the influence of the float 45.. The sleeve 50 is provided with a series of perforations 51, which are adapted to register with similar perforations 52 in the sleeve 40 when the sleeve 50 and float 45 are down. A guide pin 53 is preferably carried by the sleeve 50 and works in a slot 54 in the sleeve 40, so as to prevent the sleeve 50 from turning with respect to the sleeve 40. Two or more horizontal rows of ports or perforations 51 and 52 are preferably pro vided, the ports in one row being staggered with respect to the ports in the other, as this arrangement provides for the ports being moved out of register with a comparatively small amount of vertical movement of the sleeve 50 with respect to the sleeve 40. Any other suitable arrange ment of ports or of valve construction may be employed.

In operation, it will be seen that as the float 45 rises, showing that the milk is flowing into the feed cup faster than it is passing to the bowl, the valve 46 will reduce the flow from the supply can to the feed cup and at the same time the movement of the sleeve 50 with respect'to the sleeve 40 will cause the holes 51 and 52 to move partially out of register, thereby reducing the flow from the feed cup to the bowl and preventing over-crowding of the bowl.

The flange 43, which extends within the groove 33 in the bowl nut, serves to prevent the inrush of air between the orifice of the feed cup and the hollow shaft of the bowl. The rapid rotation of the bowl and the discharge of the milk and cream therefrom, will cause a strong suction into the bowl at the inlet thereof, at the top of the hollow shaft 29, and in separators as heretofore constructed, the air has been permitted free access to the opening at the top of the bowl. By excluding such free access of the air, however, by means of the flange 43, I preserve this suction in large part and cause it to'act to draw the milk from the orifice in the bottom of the feed cup into the bowl. As this suction varies, however, with the speed of rotation of the bowl, it will be seen that it will act to draw the n ilk into the bowl with greater or less rapidity, depending upon the speed of the bowl. As the rapidity of separation within the bowl also depends .upon the speed of rotation, it is found that the feed to the bowl is proportioned to the rapidity of separation, so that a substantially uniform degree of separation is secured by the construction described at any speed of rotation of the bowl within practical limits of operation.

It will be understood that while I prefer to use the flange 43 extending into the groove 33 in the bowl nut as a means for preventing the inrush of air into the bowl,

as this construction is very efiicient for that purpose, any other construction or form of the upper part of the bowl or bowl nut and of the orifice of the feed cup, or equivalent parts, may be employed which will produce such a relation between the inlet to the bowl and the means for feeding the milk thereto as to prevent or substantially resist the inrush of air into the bowl to satisfy the par tial vacuum created therein.

It will thus be seen that with my invention, it is unnecessary to observe the usual precaution to operate the bowl only at a certain predetermined speed as uniform separation will be secured at all speeds at which it is practicable to operate the separator. I The use of the valve for controlling the How from the feed cup to the bowl, in connection with the means for utilizing the suction of thebowl, assists in the regulation of the flow of the bowl in proportion to the variable suction thereof.

Figure 14: shows the float 45 inits upper position with the cone 46 almost closing the nozzle at the bottom of the supply can and the holes 51 almost out of register with the holes 52. i

Construction-0f bowl and liner.

In the construction illustrated, the bowl shell 25 is of arched conical shape and its lower edge fits within a flange 60, at the margin of the bowl base 28. The bowl base is provided with a groove in which is a rubber packing ring 61, engaged by the edge of the shell. I the usual notch 62 in which fits a pin 63 on the shell so as to bring the shell and bowl base together always in the same relation. At the center of the bowl base is a low coni- The flange 60 is provided with cal boss 65, from which rises the hollow cause the positive rotation of the body of milk. These wings and the slots 66 are preferably arranged as shown in Figure 9, from which it is seen that the slots are tangentially arranged with respect to the central opening in the hollow shaft, while the wings are immediately behind the slots in the direction of rotation of the bowl, so that the milk flows out across the faces of the wings and is caused to assume the rotative velocity of the bowl with the least possible disturbance or churning action. The, wings 67 may be formed integral with or attached to the bowl base in any suitable of the form indicated by the dotted line 68 in Figure 8 are milled in the wall of the tubular shaft and bowl base and the similarly shaped wings are driven in these slots In the construction shown, slots and firmly caulked therein by driving down the metal at each side thereof.

Fitting over the tubular shaft 29 and resting on the bowl base is a division member which divides the bowl space into a primary separation chamber marked in Figure 4 and a secondary separation chamber 71. This division member comprises what may be termed a distributing cone 72 (see Figures 4 and 7), projecting from the upper end of which is a sleeve 73 formed to provide interior and exterior cream channels. At the bottom of the cone 72 is a horizontal flange 74, which rests on the bottom of the bowl and the edge of which projects heneath a shoulder 75 formed near the lower edge of the bowl shell (see Figure 4) When the bowl shell is clamped to the base by the bowl nut, this shoulder will hold the flange of the distributing cone in firm engagement with the rubber packing 61, so that a tight joint is formed and leakage from the primary to the secondary separation chamber at this point is prevented. As shown in Figures 5 and 7, the sleeve 73 has portions which fit closel against the hollow shaft 29, these portions being separated by channeled ribs 80. The channels 81 inside of these ribs serve to conduct the thickest cream, formed of the large fat globules which separate from the milk as soon as it reaches the primary separation chamber, up to the cream outlet; while the spaces 82 between the ribs form channels which receive the cream separated from the milk in the secondary separation chamber. At the tops of the channels 81, flanges 83 are preferably pro vidcd, as shown in Figures 4, 7 and 16, so as to somewhat reduce the outlets from these channels. Near its top the distributing cone is provided with a series of holes 84 preferably corresponding in number with the number of wings 67 and which form outlets to permit the milk to pass from the primary to the secondary separation chamber.

Mounted in the top of the secondary separation chamber is the dividing cone (see Figures 1 and 15) which has at the bottom an outwardly turned flange 91 and which has on its outer surface a plurality of strengthening and division ribs 92, which are shaped on their upper surfaces to conform to the contour of the bowl shell. so that when the latter is clamped in position, it will press firmly down upon the ribs 92 and dividing cone. On its top, the dividing cone has a neck 93 provided with an offset portion 91 of reduced diameter and turned over at the top to form a flange 95, which is preferably provided with a suitable cream notch 96 of desired depth.

Mounted in the secondary separation chamber of the bowl and filling the space be tween the distributing cone and the skimming cone are a series of conical liner discs.

The preferred construction of these are fully illustrated in Figures 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12 and 13. As illustrated the discs are formed of very thin sheet metal drawn between 'dies to the proper cone shape and turned over at one or both edges to form strengthening beads. The formation of these heads at the outer edges is particularly advantageous. If desired, the heads at the inner edges may be dispensed with, although the use of a head at each edge as shown is found to be very satisfactory. The beads are preferably formed by curling the edge of the metal and then striking it between dies so as to flatten it out into a head of three thicknesses of metal, as shown in Figures 11 and 13. The beads should be struck with sufficient force to firmly consolidate the same and sufficient pressure may be applied to cause the metal to flow somewhat so as to be slightly thinner in the layers of the beads than in the body of the disc. Means for spacing the discs are preferably formed at the same time that the beads are formed and as a part thereof. This is illustrated in Figures 5, 10 and 12, where it is seen that raised portion or lands 103 are formed at intervals in the outer bead. These may be conveniently formed by providing notches in the dies which are used to curl the metal and to strike down the curled edge to the flat shape. Where these notches occur, the head will not be flattened down, but will be left of extra thickness. Furthermore, owing to the fact that the rolled over edge is not forced down into a tight seam at these notched points, that portion of the edge of the metal which would form the interior layer of the seam in the other parts of the heads, will be flattened against the conical wall of the disc, as shown at 104, these portions 104: serving to space the conical surfaces of the discs so as to insure the stacking of the discs in true concentric relationship. On the distributing cone 72, lugs 110 having conical portions 111 are provided upon which the lowermost of the liner discs seats.

For insuring the assembly of the liner discs in proper angular position, suitable means are provided, such as the rib 112 on the cream channel sleeve (see Figure 5), which projects into notches 113 formed in the liner discs. \Vhen the liner discs are assembled, the lugs 103 are directly over one another, as shown in Figure 1, so as to provide what may be termed pressure transmitting columns, extending between the flange of the skimming cone and the lugs 110 on the distributing cone. T'Vhen the liner and bowl parts are assembled and the bowl nut is screwed up, the bowl shell presses firmly down upon the ribs 92 on the dividing cone and this pressure is transmitted through the columns of lugs 103 to the bottom of the bowl, so that all the discs are positively and ill) firmly located in position and are accurately centered and spaced. The liner discs are each provided with a series of holes 115, which when the discs are assembled, register with the corresponding holes in the other discs and with the holes 84 in the distributing cone to form vertical columns ofholes through which the milk is distributed between the discs. Preferably the liner discs are made of a double pitch, the outer parts of the discs being of approximately 60? inclination, while the inner parts of the discs are of approximately 45 inclination, the distributing and skimming cones being similarly shaped. Any other suitable form of disc may, however, be employed.

In the operation of the bowl, the milk entering the top of the hollow shaft 29 is delivered to the primary separation chamber through the slots 66 in front of the wings 67 and is caused to rapidly revolve with the bowl. Heavy dirt or sediment will at once separate from the milk and will accumulate in the V-shaped space 120 at the periphery of the primary chamber. The immediate elimination of the heavy sedimen t from the milk at this stage is yery desirable as considerable quantities of this sediment can be accumulated in the'space'120 without interfering with the operation of the separator and the sediment is not carried into the narrow spaces between the liner discs, where it might tend to clog the same; While the milk is in the primary chamber, a preliminary separation thereof takes place and the comparatively large cream globules which are most easily separated pass towards the center of the bowland upward through the channels 81 toward the cream outlet. The remainder of the milk from which this sediment and these large cream globules have been separated then passes through the holes 84; and 115, and is distributed between the liner discs, where the/remainder of thecream is separated and passes towards the center of the bowl, moving upwardly towards the cream outlet through the channels 82, the blue milk passing to the periphery of the bowl, upward and outside of the edges of the discs and'over the dividing cone between the ribs 92, to the milk outlet.

Owing to the fact that the sediment and the thickest elements of the cream have been removed from themilk before it enters the secondary separation chamber, the total volume of milk to be handled in the secondary chamber has been diminished, and

furthermore, those elements of the milk most likely to clog-the narrow spaces between the discs have already been taken out. Consequently there is less work to be performed in the secondary chamber, and therefore this chamber need not be solarge as would be necessary if all the milk passed between the discs, a smaller number of discs may be utilized and smaller spaces may be provided between and around the discs. The spaces between the discs may also be made narrower owing to the fact that the thicker elements of the milk have already been taken out and danger of clogging thereby reduced. 7

The construction of disc describedlends itself to the use of very thin metal and owing to the accuracy with which the discs may be made and to the accuracy of the spaces between them, due to their method of construction and assembly, the spaces between the discs may be made exceptionally narrow. This increases the efliciency of the bowl and permits the same to be made smaller as a greater number of thin closely spaced discs may be stacked within a given space as compared with thicker discs not so closely spaced. v

The double pitch of the discs is also desirable in the construction described, as this form of disc provides for a closer spacing of the steeply pitched part ofthe discs than of the central, less steeply pitched part. The bulk of the cream passes out between the more widely spaced inner parts of the discs, while only the blue milk and a very small proportion of the cream enter between the steeply pitched parts of the discs, in the very narrow spaces between which the small remaining portion of cream is separated out and only the blue milk passes through to the periphery of the bowl. The entire arrangement is exceedingly efiicient and a much larger capacity may be obtained with a bowl of given size than is possible wit-h bowls of similar size at present in use. The space between the bowl shell and the edges of the liner discs is preferably made narrow so as to cause the blue milk, which escapes between the margins ofthe discs and which passes upwardly through this space, to travel at a suflicient velocity to sweep along with it any casein or other sediment and carry the same out of the bowl. In this way an accumulation of sediment in the peripheral portion of the bowl is avoided and the bowl may be operated for a long time without be coming clogged. With the construction of bowl described it is possible to make this peripheral space in the bowl very narrow as theheavier cream is removed from the milk in the primary separation chamber and the heavy sediment and dirt are also removed in that chamber and accumulated in' the space 120.

The fact that the peripheral space in the bowl may be made narrow for the reasons described permits the liner discs to be extended almostto the periphery of the bowl so that the greater part of the peripheral space which ordinarily serves merely as a storage space for sediment and as a conduit for the blue milk is made useful for separating purposes. This reclaimed bowl space may be translated into skimming efficiency either by enlarging the diameter of the discs in proportion to a given diameter of bowl so as to increase the eflicient flow capacity of a bowl of such given diameter, or the diameter of the bowl may be reduced for a given diameter of discs thus reducing the driving effort necessary for a given flow capacity.

Milk and cream outlets.

The construction of the bowl neck and of the milk and cream outlets,shown in F igure; 4, 16, 17 and 18, is as follows: The top of the bowl neck is provided with one or more notches 125 having upwardly and outwardly inclined bottoms (see Figures 16, 17 and 18). The bowl nut is provided with a narrow downward extension 126, which fits within the top of the bowl neck and a shoulder 127 on the bowl nut fits against the top surface of the neck. Outside of the shoulder 127, the bowl nut is preferably beveled upwardly and outwardly, as shown at 128. The notches 125 provide outlets for the cream which is delivered upwardly and outwardly between the inclined walls of these notches and the inclined surface 128 of the bowl nut. The thick cream from the primary separation chamber passes upwardly from the channels 81 through the openings 130 bounded by the flanges 83 and into the space inside of the reduced diameter portion 94 at the top of the skimming cone. At this point it mingles with the cream coming from the secondary separation chamber through the channels 82 and the entire cream from both separation chambers passes over the flange 95 at the top of the dividing cone and through the cream notch 96 and is then discharged through the notches 125 into the cream chamber 6, as described.

Preferably the cream notch 96 is located opposite one of the notches 125 and near the forward end thereof (in the direction of rotation of the bowl) as shown in Figure 18. This permits the cream to leave the bowl at the angular velocity of the bottom of the notch 96 instead of at the velocity of the diameter of the outside of the bowl neck, the approximate path of the cream being indicated by the broken line 97 in Figure 18. In ordinary use all of the cream will be discharged through the notch 96 in this manner, with a resultant minimum of churning or frothing and a decreased driving resistance.

The blue milk coming from the periphery of the bowl and over the dividing cone 90, passes into the annular space 131 formed inside of the lower part of the bowl neck, which is of larger diameter than the outside of the neck 93 of the dividing cone (see Figme 16). Above this space 131, the internal diameter of the bowl neck is reduced as shown; at 132 (Figures 16 and 17) and through this part of the bowl neck are formed one or more narrow horizontal slots, two being shown at 133 and 134, respectively, (Figure 18). The rear end wall 135 of the slot 133 (referring to the direction of rotation of the bowl-see Figure 18) and the rear end wall 136 of the slot 134, are preferably inclined rearwardly and in a generally tangential direction, so that the milk leaving the bowl through these slots is permitted to leave the bowl neck as nearly tangentially as possible, so that it will be discharged with the least disturbancc, and so that there will be as little frothiug as possible. This tends to cut down resistance and lessens the power required to drive the bowl. The milk also leaves the separator in good condition. The bulk of the milk flows over the surface 132 of the bowl neck directly to the slots 133 and 134. and these slots being long, the milk can flow out in a broad thin stream. In order to secure adjustment of the milk flow, so as to regulate the density of the cream, a milk notch 13? is formed adjacent to the forward end of the slot 133. The effective depth of this milk notch is governed bv adjustable milk screw 138, which screws into a threaded opening 139 in the wall of the bowl neck. the screw being adjustable so as to advance its end more or less across the milk notch. thereby to vary the radius at which a portion of the milk may pass through the notch to the slot 133. )Vhatever milk passes through the notch over the end of the screw. is discharged through the wide slot 133 instead of through a small orifice as is customary in separators using a perforated milk screw. with the advantage that it is delivered from the bowl at the radius of the inner end instead of that of the outer end of the screw and at correspondingly less velocity and with less loss of energy. The bowl neck is provided with a portion 145 above the portion 132, which is of such diameter as to fit tightly against the outside of the reduced neck portion 91 of the dividing cone (see Figure 16) so as to prevent the milk passing up to the cream outlet.

In Figures 19 and 20, a modified construction of bowl neck and milk and cream outlets is provided, in which the cream channel sleeve 73 is provided at its upper end with an extension 150 of reduced diameter, which extends upwardly to the level of or slightly above the milk outlet slots 133 and 134. The skimming cone neck 93 is provided with an inwardly extending rib 151 at a point below the top of the extension 150. \Vith this construction, it will be seen that the cream passing from the primary separation chamber upwardly through the channels 83 will mingle with the cream passing through the channels 82, from the secondary separation chamber, at a point above the rib 151, which forms a dam interposing a resistance to the downward movement of any traces of blue milk which may be present in the cream which has come up through the channels 83. Thus the possibility of any counter-currents being set up which would interfere with the free discharge of the cream is prevented. The special value of this is to avoid the more exact adjustments of resistance in the bowl, which otherwise would be necessary in order to regulate the flow proportions from the primary and secondary separating chambers.

Bowl mounting and spindle In the bottom of the enlargement of the bowl base, a tapered hole 160 is formed to receive the tapered end of 161 of the bowl spindle 26. It will be seen that the point of engagement of these tapered surfaces which constitutes the point of support for the bowl, is well below the center of gravity of the bowl and preferably as near the bottom of the bowl as is convenient. By using properly tapered surfaces, I find that a sufficiently firm engagement is secured between the bowl and spindle to enable power to be transmitted from the spindle to the bowl for rotating the latter Without the use of any cross pins, keys or the like. At the same time the bowl ma be very readily removed from the spindle y merely lifting it off. The engagement between the bowl and spindle while firm is not absolutely rigid but admits of the bowl tending to right itself by reason of its gyroscopic or top-like action when it attains its high speed of rotation. The bowl spindle 26 is preferably made as short as possible and is supported at its lower end in a thrust bearing 162, and near its upper end, just below the bottom of the bowl, in a yieldable neck hearing 163. Mounted upon the spindle between the bearings and preferably as near the thrust bearing as possible is the spiral or worm pinion 164, which is engaged by the downwardly rotating part of the spiral driving gear 165. By making the bowl spindle short and mounting the pinion 164 as near the thrust bearing as possible and by the described manner of mounting the bowl on the spindle, I secure a true top-like ac tion so that when the bowl and the spindle are running at high speed, they actlike a spinning top, spinning upon the thrust bearing as a support. They tend to spin vertically in this manner with great steadiness and very little pressure upon the neck bearing so that smoothness and lightness of running are secured in a high degree with very little friction'and wear on the bearings and with the expenditure of a minimum amount of power for driving the bowl. Even if the separator is not set in such a way that the bowl spindle is absolutely ver- Bowl spindle bearings.

The bearings for the bowl spindle may be of any suitable character, but I have devised a new construction for such bearings, which Iprefer to use and which possesses advantages over bearings now in use. The construction of these bearings is particularly illustrated'in Figure 4. Referring to the neck bearing 163, this comprises an outer sleeve 170, which is slotted from the bottom nearly to the top at two or more points as indicated at 171. Ribs 172 are formed on the parts of the sleeve near the lower end thereof these being adapted to engage the beveled surface 173 at the bottom of the cylindrical opening in the gear casing, which receives the neck hearing. The slots 171 permit the parts of the sleeve to yield sufficiently to enable the ribs to be forced through the opening in the casing and then snapped into place against the beveled surface. The bearing may thus be simply pushed into its seat or pulled out therefrom.

The sleeve 170 is flanged outwardly at the top, as indicated at 174. A second flanged sleeve 175 is mounted within the sleeve 170,

a space 17 6' being left between the sleeves. The sleeve 175 is providedat the top with an outwardly extending flange 177, which rests on the flange 174 and at the bottomis a narrow inwardly turned flange 178. Atthe top of the bearing is a cap 179, which rests on the flange Y177, and which has its edge rolled over the edges of the flanges 174 and. 17 7 and interlocked with a beador turned over edge on the flange 174, so as to firmly hold the bearing parts together. Supported on the flange 178 of the sleeve 175 is a bushing 180 of bronze or other suitable bearingmaterial, which is preferably provided with a spiral oil groove 181 in its I be sufficiently yielding for the purpose of absorbing the vibrations of the spindle and to be durable and not injuriously affected by the oil. The resiliency of this member together with the fact that the bearing, sleeves 170 and 175 are not absolutely rigid, provides all the yieldabilit-y necessary for the bearing.- Formed in the sleeve 175 at or about its point of conjunction with the flange 177 are one or more oil holes 184. In the operation of this bearing, a part of the mist of oil which is formed in the gear casing by the rapid rotation of the gears in the bath of oil in bottom of the casing, will pass up through the space 176 and holes 174 and 182 to the interior of the bushing. This oil is then fed back by the spiral groove and rotating spindle to the gear casing. The bearing is very satisfactorily lubricated in this way and practically no oil escapes from the top of the bearing into the bowl casing.

The step bearing 162 comprises a plug screwing into a threaded openin at the bottom of the gear casing and M apted to be locked in adjusted position by a lock nut 190, the inner corner of which is preferably beveled off as at- 191, so as to provide a space for a packing 192 of lead, asbestos or other suitable material. The upper end of the screw plug is provided with a recess 193 in the bottom of which is placed a layer of yielding material 194, preferably of cork composition. Upon this layer of yielding material rests a step bearing plate 195, of hardened steel, this plate preferably being of slightly smaller diameter than the diameter of the recess so that it is out of contact with the walls thereof. An oil drain hole 196 is preferably formed near the bottom of the recess. The bowl spindle preferably carries at its lower end a hard steel tapered plug 197, driven into a tapered bore in the spindle and having a rounded lower end bearing upon the surface of the hardened plate 195. Obviously, however, any other suitable form of end thrust bearing may be employed, although I prefer the construction described as it is very durable, practically frictionless and is noiseless.

For the lateral support of the lower end of the bowl spindle, a bushing 200 is provided which rests on the plate 195 and which is surrounded by a ring 201 of yielding material, such as cork composition. This ring of yielding material is held in place by a sleeve 202 which fits firmly in the upper part of the recess in the screw plug. The outer diameter of the bushing is preferably such that it is out of metallic contact with the screw plug and sleeve 202. In the bearing described it will be seen that there is no metallic contact between the lower end of the bowl spindle and the gear casing and frame of the separator, as a result of which a very quiet operation of the separator is secured. The interior of the bushing 200 is preferably provided with a spiral oil groove 203, which is inclined in such a way as to cause the oil to work downwardly through the bushing, and a notch or hole 204 is formed at the bottom of the bushing to permit the oil working down through the same to escape and flow back through the hole 196 into the gear casing. An eifective circulation of lubricant is thus maintained and metallic particles are carried by the oil out of the step bearing, finding their way to the bottom of the gear casing.

Separator drive.

Where the separator is to be driven by hand, a suitable train of gearing is provided for driving the gear 165, which drives the bowl spindle. As illustrated in Figures 21 and 22, this gearing includes a pinion 210 mounted on the shaft 211, which pinion is formed on a sleeve 212 journaled on the shaft. The gear 165 is keyed or otherwise firmly secured to this sleeve. The pinion 210 is engaged by a gear 213, which is fixed to a sleeve 214, 1ournaled on the intermediate shaft 215. The sleeve 211 carries a clutch member 216, which is provided with a spiral tooth 217. J ournaled on the sleeve 214 is a pinion 218, which is provided with a spiral clutch tooth, adapted to engage the tooth 217 on the clutch member carried by the sleeve. The construction of these clutch teeth is such that when the pinion 218 is being driven, the clutch teeth will engage and the pinion will drive the sleeve 214 and gear 213. When the bowl is spinning, however, and no power is being applied, then the clutch teeth will be disengaged and the sleeve 21 1 will turn freely with the gearing connecting it with the spinning bowl and without carrying with it the pinion 218 and the gear in mesh therewith. In many hand driven separators a one-way coupling or clutch is provided on the shaft carrying the gearin which meshes directly with the bowl spin le pinion, or high-speed shaft, as it is sometimes called, but I find that there are decided advantages in utilizing this clutch in connection with the gearing on the intermediate shaft instead of the gearing on the high-speed shaft. One important advantage is that the clutch member and pinion do not rotate at such a high speed and therefore, there is less danger of injury thereto and greater durability is secured. Another important advantage is that in my construction, the intermediate gear 213 is rotating at all times when the bowl is rotating and as this is the gear which dips into the oil in the gear casing and is relied upon to create the oil mist which lubricates the parts, such lubrication is supplied with certainty at all times when the bowl is in motion. This is not the case where the clutch member is on the hi h speed shaft and in such construction t e intermediate gear will remain stationary when not actually in use in driving the bowl. The construction set forth is especially advantageous in connection with the power driving means for the separator to be described.

For the handdriving of the separator, the pinion 218 is driven by the gear 220, which isfixed to the crank shaft 221, which carries the hand crank 222. The "gears 210,213, 218 and 220 are preferably spiral gears and the inclinations of the soi'rals are 50 arranged that the reactions of the two pairs of gears 210 and 213, 218 and 220, respectively,neutralize each other. The arrangement is preferably'such'that the re-actions between the' gears 210 and 213 and the side thrust of the gear 210 is in the direction ofthe end hearing 225 on the side wall of the gear casing. The thrust of ear 213 is then in the opposite direction. The 're-action between the gears 218 and 220 causes a sidethrust of the gear 218 in a direction opposed to that of the gear 210 so that these two thrusts tend to neutralize each other. Furthermore, these two thrusts acting in opposite directions cause theclutch member on the pinion 218 to engage the clutch member 216 so that when the power isbeing applied through the pinion 218 to the sleeve'214 and gear 213 the clutch members will be caused to firmly engage. When power is not applied in this-manner, however, the clutch members are not held in firm engagement,

and therefore, will slide freely by one another. The side thrust on the gear 220 is taken up by the engagement of the inner surface 226 of the hand crank with the end of the boss 227 projecting from the side of the gear casing. The bottom of the gear casing is depressed, as indicated at 230 .in Figures 21 and 29, so as to'provide a chamber or trough'to hold a supply of oil. As sufficient oil'is maintained in this chamber so that the periphery ofthe gear'213 will dip therein, this gear, when in rapid rotation, will pick up some of the oil, spraying the same through the gear case and in fact, causing an oil mist, which will fill all parts of the gear case and thoroughly lubricate a-llbear-s in s.

llVith the arrangement of the gearing described, in which the ratchet clutch device is arranged on the intermediate shaft 215, instead of being arranged on the high speed shaft 211, as is more customary, it will be seen that the gear 215 is travelling at all times when the bowl is Spinning, whether the crank is being used to drive the separator or not. Consequently, whenever the bowl is spinning oil is being supplied to the bearings by the rotating gear 213. This is especially important wherethe power driving means about to be described are employed as it permits such power driving means-to be utilized when directly connected to the gear 165, without any change being necessitated in the arrangements for lubricating the bearings. \Vhen the separator is to beutilized as a. hand driven separator, no power driving means b i g ttached. The bearing memher 235 shown in Figure 22, which forms a part of the power driving means is removed and a cap 236 as shown in Figure 23,

issubstituted therefor, this cap having a central projection 237, which bears against the end of the sleeve 212 and gear 165 and holds the latter in place. There is no substantial thrust against this cap, however, as

the thrust of the gear 210 istowards the op-- posite side of the gear casing as already described.

Power driving: means. The construction of separator drive described 1s such that power driving means may be appliedwithout necessitating any across the slot 241, and mounted in the slots and maintained in position b this cross pin is a forkedspring 245. Tlie two arms of this spring project through'jholes246 in the web of the gear 165, so thatthey establish a yielding torsional drive between the drive 240 and this gear. 240 has fixed to its outer end a pulley 250 arranged to be driven by a belt 251',- (see'Fig- The drive shaft ure 26), by which power is transmitted to drive the shaft 240, gear 165 and bowl spindle. As already explained, when the gear 165 is driven the intermediate gear 213 will also be driven so that the hearings will be properly lubricated. The belt 251 preferably runs over a driving pulley 252 mounted on a standard 253 on the separator frame or other suitable support. An idler 255 is preferably provided for keeping this belt.

for this idler tight. A desirable mounting l and28, where is illustrated in Figures 22, 2

it is seen' that the idler ismounted on an arm256, which'is journaled on the sleeve 257 forming an extension of the fitting 235. Also mounted on this sleeve 257 is acollar 258 which. is adapted tojbe located in adjusted position on the sleeve 257 by a set screw 259. The collar 258is providedwith a lug 260, which projects into a recess 261 formed in the ring or head portion of the arm 256, which surrounds thessleeve 257.

'The 'lug 260 is capable of limited circumferential movement in "the recess 261 and a coiled spring 262, mounted in a pocket263' of i .the lug 260, bears againstthe end "wall-of the recess 261 so as to provide a yielding abutment for the lug260. By the arrangement described, the desired tensionm'ay be placed on the belt by adjusting the collar by m ans of the set screw 259, a collar carrying with it the arm and idler. The spring 262 permits the arm and idler to vii-lit lightly so as to prevent undue binding of the belt.

Where an electric drive for the separator is titsitctl. a litting 2T0 is used in place at the litting 235 the fitting 270 carrying an electric motor 271 (see Figures 24 and 25), tile armature of which is mounted directly on the shaft carrying the slotted ring 242 and forked spring 24:3, which engages the gear 165.

/ Lubricating means.

lo Figurts 230 and 31, I have shown a means for supplying lubricant to the gear case and also for draining oil sediment from the gear case. It will he seen that the bottom of the gear case slopes down towards a low point at which is a hole 290 (see Figure 29). Below this hole, is a transverse bore 231. At the outer end of this bore is a threaded socket into which screws a titting 283. In a tapered hole in the fitting is mounted a plug valve 284, which has a knob or handle 285, by which it may be rotated. The plug valve is also provided with a recess 28G opening into one side thereof and extending to the inner end of the valve. The inner end of the plug valve is slightly reduced in diameter and fitting over the reduced portion is the end of an open sided sleeve -76, preferably formed of sheet metal and fitting closely within the bore 28L and arranged to turn therein when the plug valve 284 is turned. In order to cause the sleeve 287 to turn with the plug valve, the end of the valve is preferably provided with a recess 288, the metal of the sleeve being depressed into this recess, as indicated at 289. An open slot is left in the sleeve 288 as indicated at 290, this slot corresponding in position with the recess 286 in the plug valve.

Formed on to of the fitting 283 is an oil cup 291 in the bottom of which, communieating with the bore in which the plug valve tits, is an oil hole .292. The oil is supplied to the oil cup 291 from an oil receptacle 293, preferably of glass, which has a. neck 529i extending well down into the cup 291, the receptacle293 also having a flange 295 which surroun-ls the top of the oil cup, so as to prevent any water or dirt from entering the cup. A finger 296 extending from the side of the separator frame over the top of the oil receptacle prevents accidental displacement thereof. The flow of oil from the receptacle into the oil cup is automatically governed in accordance with the use of the oil. for as soon as the level of the oil in the oil cup rises above the bottom of the neck 294, no more oil will run out of the receptacle until it is needed. The fitting 283 is provided at its bottom with a drain hole 297. Normally when the separator is in use, the plug is in the position shown in Figure 27, so that there is communication between the hole 221 and the oil chamber 230 in the bottom of the gear case. A constant oil level will be maintained in these two chambers by the oil fed from the receptacle 293. As long as oil is visible in this glass receptacle, the operator will know that the proper oil level is being maintained in the gear casing. Any sediment which collects in the bottom of the gear casing will pass through the hole 280 into the lower )art of the sleeve 28?. More or less of such heavy sediment will accumulate in this way, consisting mainly of metal particles wearing oil the gears. When it is desired to remove this sediment, the plug valve 285 is momentarily reversed thus cutting off the supply of oil from the oil cup 291, and the sleeve 287, closing the opening 280, so that the oil is drained neither from the gear case nor the oil receptacle. The oil which is at the time in the sleeve 287 is, however, drained out through the drain hole 296, carrying with it the sediment which has accumulated in the sleeve. As soon as this oil and sediment has drained out, the plug valve is turned back to the position shown in Figure 29, and the small amount of oil drawn off is replenished from the receptacle 293. The sediment may thus be removed with very little loss of oil.

While I have shown and described in detail certain preferred embodiments of my invention as illustrative of the principles thereof, I do not wish to be limited to the particular constructions set forth as the invention may be embodied in modified constructions. I, therefore, intend to claim my invention broadly in whatever form its principles may be embodied.

What 1 claim is:

1. A separator bowl having milk and cream outlets, primary and secondary separation chambcrs, a passage from the primary separat on chamber to the cream outlet, a passage from the primary separation chamber to the secondary separation chamber and a passage from the secondary separation chamber to the cream outlet, said passages from the separation chambers to the cream outlet being distinct in the zone separation.

2. A separator howl having a hollow shaft forming a milk inlet and a member within the bowl forming a partition to divide the interior of the bowl into primary andsecondary separation chambers, said member having a sleeve portion surrounding the bowl shaft, said sleeve bortion being provided with internal and external cream channels.

3. A separator bowl comprising a bowl bottom having a hollow shaft projecting upwardly therefrom, said shaft constituting. a

milk inlet and having ports formed near the bottom thereof to dlscharge the milk into the bowl, a bowl shell adaptedto be clamped to said bowl bottom, a distributing conemounted in saidbowl, and dividing the bowl space into primary and secondary separation chambers and wings carried by the bowl bottom and dividing said primary separation chamber into sectors. 1

4. A separator bowl as in claim 3, in which one of the wings is located immediately in rear of each milk inlet port.

5. A separator bowl comprising'a bowl bottomhavinv a hollow shaft projecting upwardly therefrom, said shaft constituting a milkinlet and having ports formed therein to discharge the milk into the bowl, a bowl shell adapted to be clamped to said bowl bottom, a distributing cone mounted in said bowl and dividin the bowl space into primary and secon ary separation chambers, and wings located immediately in the rear of each'milk inlet port, said orts and wings being arranged substantial y tangentially with respect to the hollow shaft. n

6. A separator bowl having a 'bottom provided with a hollow shaft ermanently fixed thereto extending upward y therefrom and providing a milk inlet, a bowl shell adapted to be carried by said bottom, and a distributing cone having a peripheralflange resting upon said bottom and having a sleeve portion surrounding the hollow shaft of the bowl, and defining a cream passage con- .jointly therewith.

7. A separator bowl as in claim 6, in which the peripheral flange of the distributing cone is clamped to the bowl bottom by the bowl shell. I

8. A separator bowl havinga bottom provided with a hollow shaftfixed thereto extending upwardly therefrom and providing a milk inlet, said bowl bottom havin an annular recess therein, a yielding. pac kin mounted in said recess, a bowl shell carried by said bottom and adapted to enga e said packing, the edge of said bowl shell aving a shoulder formed thereon, and a distribut ing cone having a sleeve portion surround ing the hollow shaft of the bowl and having a peripheral flange adapted to engage with the shoulder at the edge of the bowl shell to be thereby held in contact with said packing. I

9. A separator bowl having a distributing element therein dividing the bowl into primary and secondary separation chambers and being provided with outlet ducts for conveyin the cream separated from the milk in tie primary separation chamber to the cream discharge outlet of the bowl, said distributing element being provided with ports for permitting the milk to pass from the primary to the secondary separation chamber.

.10. A separator/bowl having a distributing element therein dividing thebowl into primary and secondaryseparation chambers and being provided'with outlet ducts for conveying the cream separated from the milk in the primary separation chamber to the cream discharge outlet of. the bowl, said distributing element having'a conical wall a secondary separation chambers,and a plurality of liner disksmounted in the second; ary separation chamber, the marginal space in the secondary separation chamber outside of the edges of the liner disks being sonarrow with respect to the flow therethrough as to maintain the velocity ofthe milk passing through said space sufficiently high to carr the casein or other sediment out of the bow with the milk. v i

'12. A separator bowl bottom having a hollow shaft extending upwardly therefrom, said shaft and'bottom being grooved, and wings mounted in said grooves.

13. A bowl bottom as specified in claim 12 g a in which the wings are heldin said grooves by calking. i

14. A distributing cone for separator bowls comprising a conical "portion'and a sleeve projectingupwardly therefrom and having cream channels formed interiorly thereof, the walls of said channels being imperforate between the upper and lower ends.

15.A distributing cone for separator bowls comprising 'a conical portion and a sleeve projecting upwardly therefrom and having cream channels formed interiorly thereof and flanges extending partly across the upper ends of said cream channels.

16. A distributing cone for separator bowls comprising a conical portion and a sleeve projecting upwardly therefrom, said sleeve having, channels for the ascending cream exteriorly andinteriorly thereof in communication with the cream outlet.

17. A distributing cone for separator bowls comprising "a conical'portionrand a sleeve projectingupwardly therefrom, said sleeve being formed to provide alternate exterior andinterior channels.

i 18. A separator bowl havinga central hollow shaft and a distributing cone mounted tions spaced from the shaft so as to provide cream channels.

19. A distributing cone for separator bowls including a conical portion having an outwardly turned flange at the lower end thereof and disc supporting members on said flange.

20. A separator bowl having a bottom provided with an upwardly extending hollow shaft, 9. distributing cone within the bowl having a sleeve portion surrounding said hollow shaft, conical liner discs mounted on said distributing cone, a dividing cone mounted above said liner discs and having a neck portion engaging the upper end of the sleeve of the distributing cone and extending above the same, and a bowl shell enclosing said cones and liner discs.

21. A separator bowl having a distributing cone mounted therein, said cone having an upwardly extending sleeve portion formed to provide cream channels, liner disks mounted on said distributing cone and a dividing cone mounted above said liner disks and having a neck portion engaging the upper end of the sleeve of the distributing cone said dividing cone neck being formed with an inwardly turned flange having a cream notch therein.

22. A separator bowl comprising a bottom and a shell, said shell having a neck providing milk and cream outlets, a dividing cone located inside of said shell and having a neck portion extending up into the shell neck, a distributing cone mounted in said bowl and having a sleeve portion extending u to and fitting within the neck of said dlvi ing cone, said sleeve portion having a cream passage inside of the same, extending to the upper part thereof, and liners mounted between said distributing and dividing cones.

23. A separator howl having a liner therein comprising a stack of liner disks each of which has an outwardly extending peripheral flange, an outer conlcal portion of steep inclination and an inner conical portion of lesser inclination, said flanges being formed with spacing members for spacing said disks a uniform distance apart, the space at the periphery of the bowl outside of the edges of the disks being narrow so as to maintain the velocity of the milk flow sufliciently high to carry sediment out of said space with the milk.

24. A liner disk for separator bowls having a substantially conical part and a substantially horizontal peripheral flange, said flange being provided at intervals with integral spacing members.

25. A liner disk for separator bowls having a substantially conical bod portion and a peripheral flange formed throughout of more than one thickness of metal, said flange being made thicker at intervals to provide spacing portions.

26. A liner disk for separator bowls comprising a substantially conical body portion and an outwardly projecting flange formed by rolling over and flattening down the edge of the metal forming the disk, portions of the metal being flattened down less than other portions so as to provide spacing members.

27. A liner disk for separator bowls having a substantially conical body portion andv a peripheral flange formed by folding over the edge of the metal, portions of the edge being folded against the conical part of the disk so as to form s acing members.

28. A liner disk or se arator bowls having a substantially conica body portion and an outwardly extending flange, said flange comprising a rolled over and flattened down portion of the metal of the disk, the metal of the flange being flattened down less at intervals so as to provide spacing members for spacing the flanges of successive disks in an axial direction, the edge of the metal where such spacing members are formed being pressed against the conical part of the disk so as to provide spacing members for centering successive disks one upon another.

29. A separator bowl having a liner therein comprising a stack of liner disks each of which is provided with an outwardly extending peripheral flange, said flanges bein provided with means for spacing the anges apart and with means adjacent to said flanges for spacing the conical surfaces of the disks apart.

30. A separator bowl having a shell and a bowl nut fitting thereon, the upper end of the shell havin a notch therein forming a cream outlet, the surface of the bowl nut above said notch being beveled.

31. A separator bowl having a shell and a member inside of the shell having a neck provided with a restricted cream outlet, the shell having an opening therein wider than said restricted outlet so as to permit cream to leave the bowl through said restricted out let without interference from the following wall of the opening in the shell.

32. A separator bowl having a shell provided with a neck, a dividing cone mounted in the bowl and having a neck fittin inside of the bowl shell neck, the dividing cone neck having a cream notch therein, and an opening in the bowl shell neck of greater angular extent than the cream notch, to permit free discharge of the cream leaving the cream notch.

33. A separator bowl having a shell provided with a neck, a dividing cone mounted in the bowl and having a neck fitting inside of the bowl shell neck, the dividing cone neck having a cream notch therein, and an opening in the bowl shell neck extending outward from the notch, much wider than the cream notch to permit free discharge of 

